The ionliQ demineralization system can remove both anions and cations. The demineralization performance is adjustable and the energy consumption (0.5 to 1.0 kWh/m3) is many times lower compared to reverse osmosis (3 to 4 kWh/m3). In this process, there is usually no need to pre-treat the water by softening or dosing antiscalant. The system technology used is simple and robust.